Assoc Prof Dr Miriam Levy | Gastroenterology & Liver

Gastroenterology and Liver - Liverpool Hospital

South Western Sydney Local Health District

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Associate Professor Miriam Levy

Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist

MBBS (Hons I) UNSW, FRACP, PhD USYD
Head of Department, Gastroenterology and Liver Service

Research interests:
Hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy and Chronic Liver Disease

Clinical Expertise:
Liver Disease and Cancer, General Gastroenterology, Bowel Cancer Screening

Profile

A/Professor Miriam Levy is a staff specialist and Department Head at the Gastroenterology and Liver Department, Liverpool Hospital. A/Prof Levy completed her medical degree at the University of New South Wales in 1990 (Hons Class 1). In 1996, she was awarded the Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (FRACP), and received her gastroscopy and colonoscopy training recognition from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia (GESA) Conjoint Committee. Following this, she achieved a Doctor in Philosophy 2001 University of Sydney Dissertation: “Role of Fibroblast Activation Protein and other members of the oligopeptidase family in human cirrhosis”.

A/Prof Levy is actively involved in clinical research, including international and national sponsored and investigator led clinical trials. Her investigator led research has addressed clinical questions in viral hepatitis and liver disease and includes work presented in 45 peer reviewed publications, H index 15 and 1300 citations. Her focus in Hepatitis B and C and liver cancer reflects the significant morbidity and mortality from these conditions in her local community due to the extraordinarily high local prevalence. Her clinical expertise includes hepatitis B and C, multidisciplinary management of liver cancer, management of acute gastrointestinal emergencies and related hospitalisations, colon cancer surveillance, evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms and management of chronic liver disease.

Education

MB BS (Hons class 1)
University of New South Wales 1990

FRACP
Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of Physicians 1996

Ph.D. in Medicine Dissertation
Thesis Title: “Role of Fibroblast Activation Protein and other members of the oligopeptidase family in human cirrhosis” University of Sydney 2001

Conjoint Committee Certified
in Endoscopy and colonoscopy 1996

Positions

Staff Specialist (2012 - current)
Head of Department of Gastroenterology and Liver
Liverpool Hospital

Staff Specialist (2002 – 2012)
Department of Gastroenterology and Liver
Liverpool Hospital
Conjoint Associate Professor (2014 – current)
University of Western Sydney

Conjoint Associate Professor (2014 - current)
University of New South Wales

Chair, Hepatitis Governance and Advisory Committee SSWLHD (2010-present)

NSW Representative
Australian Liver Association (ALA) Chapter of Gastroenterology Society of Australia (GESA)

Medical Staff Council Treasurer (prior chair)
Liverpool Hospital

Steering Committee Member
National Clinical Trials Network for Australian Liver Association

Chairperson
Sydney Liver Group

Chairperson
Ministry of Health Outpatient State Wide Referral Criteria Committee

Publications

Paper

Abbott, C. A., M. D. Gorrell, M. T. Levy, and G. W. McCaughan. 1997. Molecular Analyses of Human and Rat Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 421. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9613-1_21. .
Paper

Abbott, C. A., G. W. McCaughan, M. T. Levy, W. B. Church, and M. D. Gorrell. 1999. "Binding to Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV by Adenosine Deaminase and Antibodies that Inhibit Ligand Binding Involves Overlapping, Discontinuous Sites on a Predicted β Propeller Domain." European Journal of Biochemistry 266 (3): 798-810. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00902.x.
Paper

Ayres, A., L. Yuen, K. M. Jackson, S. Manoharan, A. Glass, M. Maley, W. Yoo, et al. 2014. "Short Duration of Lamivudine for the Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Transmission in Pregnancy: Lack of Potency and Selection of Resistance Mutations." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 21 (11): 809-817. doi:10.1111/jvh.12212
Paper

Chan, P. P. Y., M. T. Levy, N. Shackel, S. A. Davison, and E. Prakoso. 2020. "Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence Post Direct-Acting Antivirals in Hepatitis C-Related Advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis Patients in Australia." Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases International 19 (6): 541-546. doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.06.013.
Paper

Clark, P. J., P. C. Valery, S. I. Strasser, M. Weltman, A. J. Thompson, M. Levy, B. Leggett, et al. 2022. "Liver Disease and Poor Adherence Limit Hepatitis C Cure: A Real-World Australian Treatment Cohort." Digestive Diseases and Sciences. doi:10.1007/s10620-022-07483-y.
Paper

Clark, P. J., P. C. Valery, J. Ward, S. I. Strasser, M. Weltman, A. Thompson, M. T. Levy, et al. 2022. "Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes for Australian First Nations Peoples: Equivalent SVR Rate but Higher Rates of Loss to Follow-Up." BMC Gastroenterology 22 (1). doi:10.1186/s12876-022-02416-5.
Paper

Coupland, H., C. Day, M. T. Levy, and L. Maher. 2009. "Promoting Equitable Access to Hepatitis C Treatment for Indo-Chinese Injecting Drug Users." Health Promotion Journal of Australia 20 (3): 234-240. doi:10.1071/he09234.
Paper

Crane, H. G., S. A. Davison, and M. T. Levy. 2020. "Editorial: The Emergence of Non-Hypervascular Hypointense Nodules on Gd- EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 51 (1): 168-169. doi:10.1111/apt.15525. .
Paper

Gellert, L., B. Jalaludin, and M. Levy. 2007. "Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sydney South West: Late Symptomatic Presentation and Poor Outcome for most." Internal Medicine Journal 37 (8): 516-522. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01392.x.
Paper

Gorrell, M. D., C. A. Abbott, T. Kähne, M. T. Levy, W. Bret Church, and G. W. McCaughan. 2000. "Relating Structure to Function in the Beta-Propeller Domain of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: Point Mutations that Influence Adenosine Deaminase Binding, Antibody Binding and Enzyme Activity." Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 477: 89-95. .
Paper

Gorrell, M. D., X. M. Wang, M. T. Levy, E. Kable, G. Marinos, G. Cox, and G. W. McCaughan. 2003. Intrahepatic Expression of Collagen and Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 524. .
Paper

Greenup, A. -J, P. K. Tan, V. Nguyen, A. Glass, S. Davison, U. Chatterjee, S. Holdaway, et al. 2015. "Corrigendum to "Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) in Pregnancy to Prevent Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus" (J Hepatol (2014) 61:502-507)." Journal of Hepatology 63 (4): 1054. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.017.

2014. "Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Pregnancy to Prevent Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus." Journal of Hepatology 61 (3): 502-507. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.04.038.
Paper

Hall, S. A. L., G. S. Burns, D. Anagnostou, S. Vogrin, V. Sundararajan, D. Ratnam, M. T. Levy, et al. 2022. "Stopping Nucleot(s)Ide Analogues in Non-Cirrhotic HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: HBsAg Loss at 96 Weeks is Associated with Low Baseline HBsAg Levels." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 56 (2): 310-320. doi:10.1111/apt.16968.
Paper

Hall, S. A. L., G. S. Burns, B. J. Mooney, R. Millen, R. Morris, S. Vogrin, V. Sundararajan, et al. 2022. "Hepatitis B Virus Flares After Nucleot(s)Ide Analogue Cessation are Associated with Activation of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways." The Journal of Infectious Diseases 227 (1): 123-132. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac375.
Paper

Havas, T., S. Huang, M. Levy, D. Abi-Hanna, P. Truskeyy, J. Priestley, J. Cox, and J. Wilson. 1999. "Posterior Pharyngolaryngitis. Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy." Australian Journal of Otolaryngology 3 (3): 243-246. .
Paper

Holt, S. G., D. M. Gracey, M. T. Levy, D. W. Mudge, A. B. Irish, R. G. Walker, R. Baer, J. Sevastos, R. Abbas, and M. A. Boyd. 2014. "A Consensus Statement on the Renal Monitoring of Australian Patients Receiving Tenofovir Based Antiviral Therapy for HIV/HBV Infection." AIDS Research and Therapy 11 (1). doi:10.1186/1742-6405-11-35. .
Paper

Jacob, R., D. S. Prince, J. L. Pipicella, A. Nguyen, M. Bagatella, F. Alvaro, M. Maley, et al. 2023. "Routine Screening of Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis (SEARCH) Identifies and Links Hepatitis B Cases to Care." Liver International 43 (1): 60-68. doi:10.1111/liv.15414. .
Paper

Kayes, T., H. Crane, A. Symonds, J. Dumond, M. Cottrell, J. Di Girolamo, S. Manandhar, et al. 2022. "Plasma and Breast Milk Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Mothers with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 56 (3): 510-518. doi:10.1111/apt.17040. .
Paper

Kemp, W., M. Levy, M. Weltman, and J. Lubel. 2015. "Australian Liver Association (ALA) Expert Consensus Recommendations for the use of Transient Elastography in Chronic Viral Hepatitis." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) 30 (3): 453-462. doi:10.1111/jgh.12865. .
Paper

Levy, M. T. 2012. "Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HBV: An Australian Perspective." Current Hepatitis Reports 11 (4): 206- 212. doi:10.1007/s11901-012-0144-4. .
Paper

Levy, M. T., J. J. Chen, P. H. McGuinness, D. Koorey, A. G. R. Sheil, and G. W. McCaughan. 1997. "Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C-Associated Cirrhosis in a Single Australian Centre: Referral Patterns and Transplant Outcomes." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) 12 (6): 453-459. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00466.x. .
Paper

Levy, M. T., A. Kashuba, and E. Gane. 2022. "Plasma and Breast Milk Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide of Mothers with Chronic Hepatitis B infection—Authors' Reply." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 56 (3): 548-549. doi:10.1111/apt.17102. .
Paper

Levy, M. T., G. W. McCaughan, C. A. Abbott, J. E. Park, A. M. Cunningham, E. Muller, W. J. Rettig, and M. D. Gorrell. 1999 "Fibroblast Activation Protein: A Cell Surface Dipeptidyl Peptidase and Gelatinase Expressed by Stellate Cells at the Tissue Remodelling Interface in Human Cirrhosis." Hepatology 29 (6): 1768-1778. doi:10.1002/hep.510290631. .
Paper

Levy, M. T., G. W. McCaughan, G. Marinos, and M. D. Gorrell. 2002. "Intrahepatic Expression of the Hepatic Stellate Cell Marker Fibroblast Activation Protein Correlates with the Degree of Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Virus Infection." Liver 22 (2): 93-101. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0676.2002.01503.x.
Paper

Levy, M. T. and W. Mohsen. 2018. "Author Reply." Internal Medicine Journal 48 (4): 486. doi:10.1111/imj.13747.
Paper

Levy, M. T. and N. A. Terrault. 2021. "Caesarean Section Or Non-Breastfeeding for Prevention of MTCT—beware of Sending the Wrong Message." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 28 (3): 575-576. doi:10.1111/jvh.13455.
Paper

Levy, M. T., P. Torzillo, M. Bookallil, A. G. R. Sheil, and G. W. Mccaughan. 1996. "Case Report: Delayed Resolution of Severe Pulmonary Hypertension After Isolated Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Cirrhosis." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) 11 (8): 734-737. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.1996.tb00323.x.
Paper

Levy, M. T., M. Trojanowska, and A. Reuben. 2000. "Oncostatin M: A Cytokine Upregulated in Human Cirrhosis, Increases Collagen Production by Human Hepatic Stellate Cells." Journal of Hepatology 32 (2): 218-226. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80066-5.
Paper

Levy, M. T. and E. Wiseman. 2009. "In Reply." Medical Journal of Australia 191 (6): 357. doi:10.5694/j.1326- 5377.2009.tb02829.x.
Paper

Lockart, I., A. Das, N. D. Merrett, and M. T. Levy. 2019. "Migration Route of Fasciola into the Liver." JGH Open 3 (1): 89-90. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12101. .
Paper

Lockart, I., B. Hajarizadeh, M. Alavi, S. Davison, E. Prakoso, M. T. Levy, J. George, G. J. Dore, and M. Danta. 2021. "Hepatitis C Virus Cure before Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis is Associated with Improved Survival." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 28 (5): 710-718. doi:10.1111/jvh.13475.
Paper

Lockart, I., B. Hajarizadeh, N. Buckley, S. Davison, E. Prakoso, M. T. Levy, J. George, G. J. Dore, and M. Danta. 2021. "All-Cause Hepatocellular Carcinoma Survival in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) 36 (12): 3515-3523. doi:10.1111/jgh.15687.
Paper

Lubel, J., S. Strasser, K. A. Stuart, G. Dore, A. Thompson, S. Pianko, S. Bollipo, et al. 2017. "Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Ritonavir-Boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir, Dasabuvir ± Ribavirin for Hepatitis C Genotype 1 – Final Results of the REV1TAL Study." Antiviral Therapy 22 (8): 699-710. doi:10.3851/IMP3168.
Paper

Lubel, J. S., S. K. Roberts, S. I. Strasser, A. J. Thompson, J. Philip, M. Goodwin, S. Clarke, D. H. G. Crawford, M. T. Levy, and N. Shackel. 2021. "Australian Recommendations for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Consensus Statement." Medical Journal of Australia 214 (10): 475-483. doi:10.5694/mja2.50885.
Paper

Maharaj, A. D., J. Lubel, E. Lam, P. J. Clark, O. Duncan, J. George, G. P. Jeffrey, et al. 2022. "Monitoring Quality of Care in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Modified Delphi Consensus." Hepatology Communications 6 (11): 3260-3271. doi:10.1002/hep4.2089. .
Paper

McCaughan, G. W., M. D. Gorrell, G. A. Bishop, C. A. Abbott, N. A. Shackel, P. H. McGuinness, M. T. Levy, et al. 2000. "Molecular Pathogenesis of Liver Disease: An Approach to Hepatic Inflammation, Cirrhosis and Liver Transplant Tolerance." Immunological Reviews 174: 172-191. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017420.x.
Paper

Mohsen, W., P. Chan, M. Whelan, A. Glass, M. Mouton, E. Young, Q. Tran, et al. 2019. "Hepatitis C Treatment for Difficult to Access Populations: Can Telementoring (as Distinct from Telemedicine) Help?" Internal Medicine Journal 49 (3): 351-357. doi:10.1111/imj.14072.
Paper

Mohsen, W. and M. T. Levy. 2017. "Hepatitis A to E: What's New?" Internal Medicine Journal 47 (4): 380-389. doi:10.1111/imj.13386. .
Paper

Najjar, Z., L. Gupta, J. Pritchard-Jones, S. I. Strasser, M. T. Levy, S. -T Liaw, and B. C. Cowie. 2016. "A Survey of Sydney General Practitioners’ Management of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B." Medical Journal of Australia 204 (2): 74.e1-74.e4. doi:10.5694/mja15.00524.
Paper

Nguyen, T., A. J. V. Thompson, S. Bowden, C. Croagh, S. Bell, P. V. Desmond, M. Levy, and S. A. Locarnini. 2010. "Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels during the Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B: A Perspective on Asia." Journal of Hepatology 52 (4): 508-513. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.01.007.
Paper

Nguyen, V. and M. T. Levy. 2014. "Editorial: Anti-Viral Therapy for Prevention of Perinatal HBV Transmission - Extending Therapy Beyond Birth and the Risk of Post-Partum Flare; Authors' Reply." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 40 (1): 116. doi:10.1111/apt.12806. .
Paper

Nguyen, V., P. K. Tan, A. -J Greenup, A. Glass, S. Davison, D. Samarasinghe, S. Holdaway, et al. 2014. "Anti-Viral Therapy for Prevention of Perinatal HBV Transmission: Extending Therapy Beyond Birth does Not Protect Against Post-Partum Flare." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 39 (10): 1225-1234. doi:10.1111/apt.12726. .
Paper

Nicoll, A. J., S. K. Roberts, R. Lim, J. Mitchell, M. Weltman, J. George, A. Wigg, et al. 2019. "Beneficial Response to Mycophenolate Mofetil by Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis Who have Failed Standard Therapy, is Predicted by Older Age and Lower Immunoglobulin G and INR Levels." Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 49 (10): 1314-1322. doi:10.1111/apt.15248
Paper

O'Brien, E. R., M. C. Whelan, T. Lama, and M. Levy. 2021. "Public Health Unit Notifications of Hepatitis C and their Follow-Up in South Western Sydney, Australia." Public Health Research and Practice 31 (3). doi:10.17061/PHRP30342010.
Paper

Papaluca, T., S. K. Roberts, S. I. Strasser, K. A. Stuart, G. Farrell, G. Macquillan, G. J. Dore, et al. 2021. "Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5A-Inhibitor Experienced Patients with Difficult to Cure Characteristics." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73 (9): E3288-E3295. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1318.
Paper

Patwala, K., D. S. Prince, Y. Celermajer, W. Alam, E. Paul, S. I. Strasser, G. W. McCaughan, et al. 2022. "Lenvatinib for the Treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma—a Real-World Multicenter Australian Cohort Study." Hepatology International 16 (5): 1170-1178. doi:10.1007/s12072-022-10398-5.
Paper

Prince, D. S., J. D. Girolamo, J. L. Pipicella, M. Bagatella, T. Kayes, F. Alvaro, M. Maley, H. Foo, P. M. Middleton, and M. T. Levy. 2022. "Finding Cases of Hepatitis C for Treatment using Automated Screening in the Emergency Department is Effective, but what is the Cost?" Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2022. doi:10.1155/2022/3449938
Paper

Prince, D. S., J. L. Pipicella, M. Fraser, F. Alvaro, M. Maley, H. Foo, P. M. Middleton, et al. 2021. "Screening Emergency Admissions at Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C (SEARCH) to Diagnose Or ‘re-Diagnose’ Infections is Effective in Australia." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 28 (1): 121-128. doi:10.1111/jvh.13393.
Paper

Prince, D. S., G. Schlaphoff, S. A. Davison, Y. R. Huo, H. Xiang, M. V. Chan, A. U. Lee, et al. 2022. "Selective Internal Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A 15-Year Multicenter Australian Cohort Study." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) 37 (11): 2173-2181. doi:10.1111/jgh.15986.
Paper

Razavi, H., S. Blach, D. Razavi-Shearer, F. Abaalkhail, Z. Abbas, A. Abdallah, P. Abrao Ferreira, et al. 2021. "The Case for Simplifying and using Absolute Targets for Viral Hepatitis Elimination Goals." Journal of Viral Hepatitis 28 (1): 12-19. doi:10.1111/jvh.13412.
Paper

Roberts, S. K., R. Lim, S. Strasser, A. Nicoll, A. Gazzola, J. Mitchell, W. Siow, et al. 2018. "Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis and Suboptimal Outcomes After Standard Therapy." Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 16 (2): 268-277. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2017.09.063.
Paper

Roberts, S. K., J. Mitchell, R. Leung, D. Booth, S. Bollipo, G. Ostapowicz, A. Sloss, et al. 2014. "Distribution of Interferon Lambda- 3 Gene Polymorphisms in Australian Patients with Previously Untreated Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C: Analysis from the PREDICT and CHARIOT Studies." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) 29 (1): 179-184. doi:10.1111/jgh.12424. .
Paper

Robotin, M. C., M. Kansil, K. Howard, J. George, S. Tipper, G. J. Dore, M. Levy, and A. G. Penman. 2009. "Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis B-Related Liver Cancer Prevention is More Cost-Effective than Cancer Screening." Journal of Hepatology 50 (5): 990-998. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.12.022.
Paper

Robotin, M. C., M. Q. Kansil, J. George, K. Howard, S. Tipper, M. Levy, N. Phung, and A. G. Penman. 2010. "Using a Population- Based Approach to Prevent Hepatocellular Cancer in New South Wales, Australia: Effects on Health Services Utilisation." BMC Health Services Research 10. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-215.
Paper

Schmilovitz-Weiss, H., M. Levy, N. Thompson, and G. Dusheiko. 1993. "Viral Markers in the Treatment of Hepatitis B and C." Gut 34 (2 SUPPL): S26-S35. doi:10.1136/gut.34.2_Suppl.S26.
Paper

Scott, D. R. and M. T. Levy. 2010. "Liver Transient Elastography (Fibroscan®): A Place in the Management Algorithms of Chronic Viral Hepatitis." Antiviral Therapy 15 (1): 1-11. doi:10.3851/IMP1474.
Paper

Scott, D. R., J. K. W. Wong, T. S. Spicer, H. Dent, F. K. Mensah, S. McDonald, and M. T. Levy. 2010. "Adverse Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Renal Replacement Therapy and Renal Transplant Patients in Australia and New Zealand." Transplantation 90 (11): 1165-1171. doi:10.1097/TP.0b013e3181f92548. .
Paper

Sohara, N., I. Znoyko, M. T. Levy, M. Trojanowska, and A. Reuben. 2002. "Reversal of Activation of Human Myofibroblast-Like Cells by Culture on a Basement Membrane-Like Substrate." Journal of Hepatology 37 (2): 214-221. doi:10.1016/S0168- 8278(02)00103-4.
Paper

Terrault, N. A., K. W. Cheung, M. T. Levy, and G. Jourdain. 2021. "Reply to ‘Evidence Against in Utero Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus’." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18 (6): 445-446. doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00456-y.
Paper

Terrault, N. A., M. T. Levy, K. W. Cheung, and G. Jourdain. 2021. "Viral Hepatitis and Pregnancy." Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18 (2): 117-130. doi:10.1038/s41575-020-00361-w.
Paper

Thilakanathan, C., T. Kayes, J. Di Girolamo, V. Nguyen, A. Glass, S. Manandhar, J. Lawler, et al. 2023. "Predicting Hepatitis B e Antigen Seroconversion After pregnancy—The SydPregScore." Liver International 43 (1): 69-76. doi:10.1111/liv.15372.
Paper

Thilakanathan, C., G. Wark, M. Maley, S. Davison, J. Lawler, A. Lee, N. Shackel, et al. 2018. "Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B: Examining Viral Cut-Offs, Maternal HBsAg Serology and Infant Testing." Liver International 38 (7): 1212-1219. doi:10.1111/liv.13736.
Paper

Visvanathan, K., G. Dusheiko, M. Giles, M. -L Wong, N. Phung, S. Walker, S. Le, et al. 2016. "Managing HBV in Pregnancy.
Prevention, Prophylaxis, Treatment and Follow-Up: Position Paper Produced by Australian, UK and New Zealand Key Opinion Leaders." Gut 65 (2): 340-350. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310317.
Paper

Wang, X. M., L. E. Holz, S. Chowdhury, S. P. Cordoba, K. A. Evans, M. G. Gall, A. J. V. De Ribeiro, et al. 2017. "The Pro-Fibrotic Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Experimental Liver Injury." Immunology and Cell Biology 95 (5): 443-453. doi:10.1038/icb.2016.116.
Paper

Wiseman, E., M. A. Fraser, S. Holden, A. Glass, B. L. Kidson, L. G. Heron, M. W. Maley, A. Ayres, S. A. Locarnini, and M. T. Levy. 2009. "Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: An Australian Experience." Medical Journal of Australia 190 (9): 489-492. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02524.x.

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